مروری بر بازگردانی باتری‌های لیتیوم-یون به روش هیدرومتالورژی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه سهند

2 هیئت علمی دانشگاه سهند

3 هیئت علمی دانشگاه شهید مدنی

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر به دلیل ازدیاد مصرف باتری‌های لیتیوم-یون در تجهیزات مختلف الکتریکی و الکترونیکی، بازگردانی آنها توجه ویژه‌ای را به خود جلب کرده است. بازگردانی این باتری‌ها از دو دیدگاه زیست محیطی و منابع فلزی موجود در آنها امری ضروری تلقی شده و هدف این مقاله نیز مروری بر جایگاه فناوری‌های بازگردانی این باتری‌ها می‌باشد. در کنار انواع روش‌های بازگردانی، روش هیدرومتالورژی فرآیند تثبیت شده‌ای برای جداسازی و بازگردانی فلزات بوده و روند بازگردانی با این روش دارای سه مرحله پیش‌عملیات، لیچینگ و بازیابی نهایی می‌باشد. در این مقاله علاوه بر توضیح مختصر ساختار و اجزا باتری، انواع روش‌ها اعم از روش‌های شیمیایی و فیزیکی مورد استفاده در مراحل پیش‌عملیات، لیچینگ و بازیابی و همچنین ترکیب این روش‌ها توضیح داده شده است. عملیات حرارتی، التراسونیک، انحلال و روش‌های مکانیکی از جمله روش‌های رایج در پیش‌عملیات بوده و استخراج حلالی، رسوب‌دهی، تبلور و الکتروشیمیایی نیز از پرکاربردترین روش‌ها در بخش بازیابی به شمار می‌روند. در نهایت دسته‌بندی انواع تحقیقات انجام شده در زمینه بازگردانی این نوع باتری‌ها در این مقاله گزارش شده است. تقسیم‌بندی پژوهش‌ها دربرگیرنده مطالعات در زمینه بررسی و بهینه‌سازی هر کدام از مراحل سه‌گانه روش هیدرومتالورژی و همچنین سنتز الکترودهای جدید است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Overview on the Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries via Hydrometallurgical Method

چکیده [English]

During recent years recycling of lithium-ion batteries has attracted a lot of attention due to their extensive applications in various electric and electronic vehicles. Recycling of these batteries is of a great importance due to environmental issues and metal sources content, so this paper is to review the current status of these batteries’ recycling technologies. Among different recycling methods, hydrometallurgical based route is an optimized method to separate and recover metals and it has three steps as pre-treatment, leaching and deep recovery. In addition to brief description of these batteries’ structure and components, this paper has summarized the chemical, physical processes utilized in all steps of pre-treatment, leaching and metal recovery. Heat treatment, ultrasonic, dissolving and mechanical treatment are the common methods in the pre-treatment step and crystallization, solvent extraction, electrochemical and precipitation are accounted most used methods in the recovery step. Finally all investigations operated over the recycling issue also have been summarized in this paper. These categorized studies include both research and optimization into each triple step of hydrometallurgical route and new electrodes synthesis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Recycling
  • Lithium-ion battery
  • Hydrometallurgy
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